• Used identification keys and other documentation on the flora of the areas we visited
• A day-by-day report of our Botanical Journey
• A list of all recorded species

Useful identification keys and other documentation

• Detlev Metzing et al: "Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen der Ostfriesischen Inseln. Auswertung des historischen und rezenten Artenbestandes als Beitrag zur Biodiversität der Ostfriesischen Inseln", in: Rolf Niedringhaus et al (eds): Die Flora und Fauna der Ostfriesischen Inseln. Artenverzeichnisse und Auswertungen zur Biodiversität, Nationalpark Wattenmeer, Wilhelmshaven (2008).
• www.blumeninschwaben.de

Report of this BotanicalJourney

1. Norderney village  (Google map)

Because our holiday home was within walking distance of the town of Norderney, we visited the village quite frequently. Norderney town features many buildings (mostly apartment complexes and holiday homes) with numerous roadsides and “forgotten” patches of land scattered between them. Like for example the fig tree in the photo on the right, which grows through a grid in the centre of Norderney. There are also several parks, consisting mainly of small wooded areas, grassy clearings, or heavily trodden dunes nestled among the houses. The cemetery in the centre of town is another intriguing location. All in all, the town of Norderney is remarkably diverse.

We spent at least one or two hours exploring the area almost every day of our stay. This was especially convenient during the final part of our visit, when thunderstorms were frequent. We could easily dash back to our house, wait for the storm to pass, and then resume our BotanicalJourney.

We visited the busy town centre on September 10th and 11th. Most of the visitors were elderly couples, strolling past shops and hotels. The area was dominated by concrete and stone, making plant hunting quite a challenge. Nevertheless, we managed to record several species growing between pavement tiles and sprouting from cracks in walls. Among the plants we found in these urban niches were Epilobium roseum (see picture), Claytonia perfoliata, Cornus sanguinea, and Gnaphalium luteoalbum.

We discovered that a significant number of garden plants had escaped their original habitats and managed to grow, and even reproduce, in public spaces. Although it’s open to debate whether these species should be considered natural, we chose to record everything that wasn’t growing in gardens or clearly planted (such as many of the trees). Notable garden escapees present in public areas included Antirrhinum majus, Tradescantia virginiana, and Mirabilis jalapa.

One particularly noteworthy site was the “Kaiser Wilhelm Denkmal.” This 13-meter-tall pile of stones was erected in 1899 to commemorate the founding of the German Empire in 1871. Remarkably, we found four different fern species growing on the monument. Whether they appeared spontaneously or were planted intentionally remains unclear. The species were Polystichum setiferum, Gymnocarpium dryopteris (see picture), Asplenium trichomanes, and Asplenium scolopendrium.

The west coast of Norderney is lined with a stone and concrete dyke, designed to prevent the island from eroding into the sea. On the dyke, we recorded a single specimen of Eryngium maritimum. This was one of only two locations on Norderney where we encountered this plant; the other being a pavement edge somewhere in the town centre. It appears that this species is absent from the dunes and other natural habitats elsewhere on the island.

A little further on, we entered the city park known as “Kurpark.” It was a somewhat unusual environment, where we recorded species such as Cerastium glomeratum, Cardamine flexuosa, Ranunculus sceleratus, Juncus ranarius, and Isolepis setacea. The most peculiar find was Juncus ensifolius (see picture), a rare plant growing on the shore of a nearly dried-out muddy pond. We weren’t sure whether it was a wild specimen, but it didn’t seem likely that anyone had planted it there; although in populated areas, you can never be entirely certain. On the edge of the park, we recorded Scrophularia nodosa, Setaria pumila, and Tanacetum vulgare, which appears to be absent from the rest of Norderney, aside from a duck and chicken run.

Northeast of the village, we visited a meteorological station surrounded by dry dune vegetation. With only a few paths in the area, the vegetation was less disturbed than at Kap Norderney, another dune site within the village that we’ll discuss later. Around the meteorological station, we recorded several grey dune species such as Verbascum densiflorum, Jasione montana, and Sambucus nigra. Closer to the sea, we encountered more salt-tolerant species, including Atriplex littoralis, Glaux maritima, and Salsola kali. Evidence of freshwater presence came from plants like Ranunculus repens, Persicaria amphibia, and Phragmites australis. Just off the path, behind a bush and slightly hidden from view, we recorded Solanum lycopersicum. We can only speculate how it ended up there…

Bordering the bay east of the village were two garden allotments. Several public footpaths ran through them, allowing us to record relatively common plants such as Pastinaca sativa, Ranunculus acris, and Cichorium intybus. As mentioned earlier, we did not record planted species, but along the fences surrounding the allotments, we found several wild plants like Parietaria judaïca (see picture), Portulaca oleracea, and Setaria pumila, that seemen sort of naturalized here. Some ornamental species, like Papaver rhoeas, Lathyrus latifolius, and Aster ageratoides, had also escaped from the gardens, lending the area a colourful appearance. Near a playground where children were making monkey-like noises, we recorded Tussilago farfara. We had been wondering whether this species was present on Norderney, and were pleased to find several specimens on September 9th.

We passed the graveyard of Norderney during our first walk on September 6th, and again on the 10th. Graveyards are always fascinating (especially the neglected ones) because they often harbor wild plant species in “forgotten” corners, along with introduced species that have naturalized in the surroundings. On the Norderney cemetary, for example, we recorded Alchemilla mollis, Sagina micropetala, Myosotis arvensis, Muehlenbeckia complexa (see picture), and Malva sylvestris (cultivar).

The cemetery was bordered by trees and shrubs, some of which were spreading into the surrounding area, such as Populus balsamifera and Ulmus minor. Numerous rabbits were present at the site; a pattern we later found to be true across the entire island. Traps had been set to catch the little bastards, but judging by the sheer number of holes and sandy patches, they weren’t particularly effective.

Just as we were recording a rather large quantity of Blitum virgatum near a grave, a black cat tried to get our attention. While we attempted to ignore it, the cat persistently rubbed its head against our legs. This didn’t stop us from recording Lipandra polysperma or from taking several charming photos of the rabbits (see picture; notice at least two rabbits on there!).

The harbour peninsula is home to several surfing schools and a restaurant belonging to the boat club. The terrain here is dry and heavily disturbed, which is reflected in the plant life. We recorded species such as Galeopsis tetrahit, Senecio viscosus, Lepidium draba, and Oenothera glazioviana. In the dry slurry depot, we found Chamaenerion angustifolium, a species we didn’t encounter anywhere else on Norderney.

We visited the peninsula on September 9th and again on September 12th. Our first visit coincided with low tide, when many birds were foraging on the mudflats. Among them were Redshank (Tringa totanus), Curlew (Numenius arquata), European Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria), and Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres). During our second visit, at high tide, birds were resting on the dykes. Among a large group of Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus), we spotted one albino specimen (see picture); a rather amusing sight. Its pale feathers almost resembled those of the two Sandwich Terns (Thalasseus sandvicensis) that were tucked away within the group.

East of the harbour lies a large tidal bay. On the higher shore, we recorded Honckenya peploides (see piture), Plantago maritima, and Corispermum pallasii. In areas that are only flooded during storm surges, we found an abundance of salt-tolerant species, including Juncus gerardii, Carex extensa, Atriplex prostrata, Suaeda maritima, Artemisia maritima, and Atriplex portulacoides. It was a pleasant surprise to find Salicornia procumbens and Salicornia europaea growing almost side by side.

We’re always intrigued by messy areas: piles of rubbish and deserted terrains often hold unexpected botanical treasures. Next to the rubbish pit of Norderney, we came across several mounds of soil. Here, we found Hyoscyamus niger (see picture) and Datura stramonium. In the grassy patches beside the soil and rubbish piles, we recorded Amaranthus blitoides and Amaranthus albus growing side by side, which was quite educational for us. Solanum nitidibaccatum was present throughout the site.

After walking around the area, we had to assist an elderly man who had fallen off his bicycle. Fortunately, emergency services arrived quickly, so the delay was minimal and we were able to resume our hunt for wild plant species without much interruption.

2. Siedlung "Nordhelm" (Google map)

Directly east of the old village of Norderney lies a newer residential area called “Siedlung Nordhelm.” The houses in this part of town are more modern than most of the buildings in the old village. There are also significantly fewer tourists wandering around, even though the majority of the houses are used as holiday homes.

Siedlung Nordhelm is separated from the old town by a high dune known as “Kap Norderney,” which stretches from west to east. This dune features grey dune grasslands that gradually transition into a coniferous forest and eventually into a dense deciduous forest. We will now discuss the town, the dune grasslands, and the forests in turn.

Whenever we arrive at a holiday home, one of the first things we do is explore the immediate surroundings for plant species. In the case of Norderney, we were lucky: we managed to catch a ferry one hour earlier than scheduled, giving us an extra hour to begin our botanical search. Our holiday home was located in the “Siedlung Nordhelm,” so immediately upon arrival on September 6th, we started recording plants.

On nearly every day of our stay, we added new species to our list; simply by taking different routes to the supermarket, bakery, or town centre. In total, we recorded over 150 different plant species in this area. Some of these included Foeniculum vulgare, Hippophae rhamnoides, Eupatorium cannabinum, Setaria viridis, Plantago coronopus, Iberis umbellata (see picture), and Verbascum phlomoides. We frequently found these species in public parks and along roadsides and house fronts.

As in the town of Norderney, many plant species had escaped from gardens and managed to survive and reproduce in public spaces. The most striking example was Leptinella squalida (see picture), a non-indigenous species growing between the tiles of a driveway just two blocks from our holiday home. This location that had been pointed out to us earlier. Other garden escapees in the Siedlung Nordhelm included Alcea rosea, Aquilegia vulgaris, Calendula officinalis, and Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude' (H. spectabile × H. telephium).

Kap Norderney is a slightly elevated dune topped with a prominent landmark. This landmark features in various logos and symbols of Norderney-based organizations, making it a recognizable icon of the island. The “Kap” itself is a grey sand dune, where we recorded species such as Polypodium vulgare, Salix repens, Sherardia arvensis, and Festuca filiformis.

Like much of the town, this area also hosted a wide range of non-native species. Among them were Amaranthus hybridus, Nassella tenuissima, Chenopodiastrum hybridum (see picture), Prunus virginiana, and Miscanthus sinensis, all thriving in the disturbed dune environment.

The forest south of the Siedlung Nordhelm is a curious mix of native and non-native species. For example, we recorded Geum urbanum, Sorbus aucuparia, Pilosella aurantiaca, and Equisetum arvense; but also invasive species that pose a real threat to the indigenous flora, such as Fallopia japonica, Polygonatum verticillatum, and Vinca major. These species were spreadin rapidly from core locations, clearly displacing the original forest vegetation.

One particularly striking observation was the presence of Thalictrum minus in a black pine forest. You wouldn’t typically expect to find this species in this habitat. Its origin in that location remains a mystery to us. While walking along another road (near the forest), we encountered two fallow deer watching us from close range. They appeared quite relaxed, but suddenly bolted. Moments later, we discovered the reason: a loose dog was running around beneath the trees, causing quite a commotion.

3. Siedlung Meierei (Google map)

The incident involving the elderly man who fell from his bicycle drew our attention to the surroundings of the local hospital in Norderney. This hospital is located at the eastern end of the Nordhelm Siedlung and borders another settlement known as “Meierei,” likely named after a former dairy factory. To the north of both lies a dune area with several derelict bunkers. In this dune landscape, we recorded Viola canina and Anchusa arvensis.

We then attempted to cross an estate marked with conspicuous signs indicating a private path. Since we couldn’t read German, we continued walking, only to be intercepted after a few steps by a man who firmly sent us away. As a result, we had to follow a horse trail heading east, which ran close to the edge of a pond. Along this path, we recorded some lovely plant species, including Centaurium pulchellum, Lythrum portula, and Epilobium palustre. In a remote corner of the pond, we spotted Nymphaea alba, which was likely introduced.

We combined our walk through the Siedlung Meierei with a stop for cevapići sausages at a Balkan imbiss next to the hospital. On our way to the sausages, we recorded Anisantha sterilis, Crepis capillaris, Silene latifolia, and Amaranthus hybridus subsp. hybridus along the edge of town.

4. Südstrandpolder (Google map)

Following our walk along the waste pits of Norderney on September 8th, we headed east to the so-called “Südstrandpolder.” This protected nature reserve features numerous ponds, creeks, and swamps. Near a bird observatory, we first entered a valley that appeared strikingly green. The vivid colour was due to massive quantities of Crassula helmsii, an invasive non-native species that poses a serious threat to indigenous flora. Numerous specimens of Pulicaria dysenterica were also present. We recorded Gnaphalium luteoalbum, Samolus valerandi (see picture), and Hypericum tetrapterum; species typical of such wet valleys. In the water, which was the effluent of a sewage treatment plant, we found Veronica catenata, and on the opposite bank of the artificial stream, we could just make out Dryopteris cristata.

After thoroughly cleaning our shoes, we continued our walk around the Südstrandpolder. A little further on, a narrow path led into a boggy, forested area. From this path, we recorded several beautiful plant species, including Drosera rotundifolia (see picture), Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus squarrosus, Nardus stricta, and Carex nigra. Further east, still on the northern side of the polder, we additionally found two fern species: Thelypteris palustris and Osmunda regalis.

A large portion of the Südstrandpolder was inaccessible to protect birdlife. However, from the eastern side, the area could be well observed from a high dyke. When we visited, the grassy vegetation on the dyke was being mown by men operating large, noisy machines. Why they were there remained a mystery, as the vegetation was no taller than one or two centimeters before they arrived. Fortunately, the flowers of Linum catharticum were so small that the monstrous machinery didn’t damage them.

The dyke bordered a large pond teeming with birdlife, including Greater Scaup (Aythya marila), Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), and more than 100 Spoonbills (Platalea leucorodia). Along the lake’s shores, we recorded plant species such as Cotula coronopifolia, Rumex hydrolapathum, Berula erecta, and Samolus valerandi. We also spotted a few specimens of Silene flos-cuculi and there was a large population of Sambucus ebulus (see picture) as well. Thanks to the impressive fence, these plants were safe from being eaten by the hungry rabbits of Norderney.

5. Weiße Düne (Google map)

The Weiße Düne (White Dunes), including the Walter Großmann Düne, are located roughly in the center of Norderney. The highest peak in this dune area reaches just under 25 meters above sea level, making it the highest point on the island. We visited this expansive dune landscape several times, moving roughly from east to west. Our visits included: the surroundings of the parking area known as “Oase” (September 7th), the area around “Tünnbak” (September 9th), the “Weiße Düne” itself (September 10th), and the “Walter Großmann Düne” (September 11th).

We began our walk on September 7th at the parking area near “Oase.” It was immediately clear that the dunes were not just dry dunes: we recorded Conium maculatum and Lythrum salicaria almost right away. We initially followed the tarmac road south, but soon found a narrow path that circled a pond. We had intended to visit a bird observatory but completely missed it. That turned out not to be a problem, as the dunes in this area offered us quite a lot of interesting plant species.

We recorded plants typical of moist habitats, such as Viola palustris, Carex canescens, and Eriophorum angustifolium. Along the shores of the lake, Phragmites australis dominated, mixed with Epilobium palustris. A little higher up the dunes, heath vegetation appeared, featuring Erica tetralix, Calluna vulgaris, and Empetrum nigrum (see picture). Here, we also found interesting species like Vaccinium uliginosum, the hybrid Potentilla × suberecta (P. anglica × P. erecta), and Agrostis canina. There were also many drier dunes with barren sandy patches, where strong winds had blown away the grains of sand. Polypodium vulgare indicated these drier habitats.

A little further on, the path became very moist. We knelt down to examine numerous specimens of Lycopodiella inundata, and while doing so, we noticed Radiola linoides growing in the same spot. Other notable species included Centunculus minimus, Carex oederi, and Myosotis laxa. A second visit on September 10th revealed additional species, such as Pyrola rotundifolia (see picture) and Epipactis palustris. These were growing within dense stands of Salix repens, where they were protected from the ever-hungry rabbits that grazed much of the vegetation.

On September 9th, we explored the surroundings of “Tünnbak,” a campsite on the eastern part of the Weiße Düne. We returned to the parking lot at the far eastern end of the tarmac road, but this time headed north from there. Near the start of our walk, we came across a small round pond containing Ruppia maritima. Along its shore, we recorded Centunculus minimus and a large number of Centaurium littorale.

We followed the path until we nearly reached the northernmost dune row. There, a narrow trail led into a valley. Although we didn’t record any new species in this section, the landscape was quite pleasant. Centaurium littorale was by far the most abundant species, accompanied by Carex arenaria.

Eventually, the soil became very boggy. We found ourselves in the middle of a valley with Erica tetralix, Empetrum nigrum, and Vaccinium uliginosum. The latter two still bore some berries, which was a lovely sight. In the boggy patches, we recorded Drosera rotundifolia again, along with Ranunculus flammula. We were pleased to find Vaccinium macrocarpon (see picture) here as well, though unfortunately, Crassula helmsii was covering large parts of the valley already. We can only hope that this invasive species dries out or recedes somehow. Other notable finds in the moist valleys included Viola rupestris, Radiola linoides, and Lythrum portula.

A valley slightly further south had not yet been infested with Crassula, allowing more native plants to thrive. Samolus valerandi was quite abundant, and we also recorded Veronica scutellata and Juncus anceps. In the slack there was a toadstool as well, called Inocybe lacera (see picture). While walking alongside some horse meadows, we spotted a small pond. Although neither of us is particularly fond of horses, we decided to risk it and quickly ran toward the pond. In the water, we found both Myriophyllum spicatum and Eleocharis palustris.

By that time, the sky had turned ominous, and heavy rain soon followed. Fortunately, we were safe and dry in our car, though we saw many unfortunate tourists on bicycles getting thoroughly soaked.

The central part of the White Dunes, including the “Walter Großmann Düne,” was noticeably drier than the more eastern sections of the area. One likely cause could be the extraction of groundwater for drinking water, which has undoubtedly affects the local hydrology. As a result, the plant species here mostly indicated dry habitats. Examples include Arenaria serpyllifolia, Osmunda regalis (see picture), Scrophularia nodosa, Potentilla erecta, Erica tetralix, and Digitalis purpurea.

Nevertheless, there were several moister pockets scattered throughout the area as well. In one patch of forest, we found a boggy zone hosting species such as Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex nigra, and Empetrum nigrum.

6. Grohdepolder (Google map)

The Grohdepolder is a large grassy polder, primarily used for grazing horses and cows. We visited the eastern part of the polder on September 7th and returned to explore the western and southern sections on the 10th and 12th.

In the eastern part, near a parking area, we randomly entered a forest composed mainly of Alnus incana and Alnus glutinosa. Here, we recorded some typical shade-tolerant species, such as Scutellaria galericulata and Athyrium filix-femina. Parts of the forest and adjacent grasslands were heavily grazed by cows. In these areas, we found Ranunculus sceleratus, Carex disticha, and Dipsacus fullonum. In wetter spots, we recorded Galium palustre, Lemna minor, Carex riparia, and Lycopus europaeus. Following the dyke southward, we encountered more marshy species, including Mentha aquatica, Cirsium palustre, Carex diandra (see picture), and Hydrocotyle vulgaris. In a ditch, we also found Schedonorus arundinaceus and Carex otrubae.

Roughly in the middle of the Grohdepolder, we drove down a macadam road that had a rusty barrier at its entrance. We assumed it wouldn’t be closed once we were inside, and a friendly woman confirmed that the barrier was never shut, thanks to the “Pferdeleute” (horse people). So, without hesitation, we parked our car at the base of the dyke. In the ditch, we recorded Callitriche brutia, and upon climbing the dyke to view the Wadden Sea, we noticed Odontites vernus (see picture) still flowering on its southern slope. Unfortunately, the giant mowing machines we had seen earlier had removed about half of the population. What a waste!

To conclude our visit to the Grohdepolder, we explored the area west of the airport. The airport itself was off-limits, and we didn’t want to risk any trouble by attempting to enter. Instead, we walked through the “Erlenwäldchen,” meaning “small alder grove.” The forest consisted of, well... alder, but also some pine trees. Since we assumed the pines to be planted, we didn’t officially record them. However, in the undergrowth we spotted Carex brizoides and the hybrid Spirea × billardii. Just outside the forest, in a steep ditch, we also found Zannichellia palustris and Epilobium hirsutum. This was also the only location on Norderney where we recorded Achillea ptarmica (see picture).

7. Ostende (Google map)

On the 7th and 12th of September, we visited the eastern part of Norderney, known as Ostende. This vast salt marsh is occasionally flooded by the sea. Once again, we recorded typical halophytic species such as Atriplex patula, Spergularia maritima, and Sagina maritima. In the dune slacks, we found species like Radiola linoides, Carex distans, Carex flacca, and Centaurium littorale. On the somewhat drier dunes, we recorded Trifolium fragiferum and Viola canina as well.

We then zigzagged through the area and eventually reached a deep tidal river. Numerous specimens of Armeria maritima were present, and some sections were densely covered with Limonium vulgare. We also found Parapholis strigosa. Less conspicuous but widespread was Sagina nodosa, which appeared throughout the area. And of course Salicornia procumbens was everywhere (see picture).

A distinctive feature of the salt marsh on Norderney is a saltwater flow that bisects the marsh during stormy high tides. During our visit, the wind was strong, but not strong enough to completely flood the creek. Therefore, we had to cross the water on the northern side of the marsh. There, we recorded species such as Blitum virgatum, Sagina nodosa, and Centaurium pulchellum. In drier spots, we found Cerastium semidecandrum and even Stellaria graminea.

Several Western Marsh Harriers (Circus aeruginosus) ruled the skies above us. They flew close enough for us to admire these majestic birds in detail. On the ground, several Northern Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) were foraging. We followed the tidal river northward until it became shallow enough to cross. From there, we headed toward the beach on the northern side of the island. In the barren sand, we recorded species such as Cakile maritima (see picture), Salsola kali, and Glaux maritima.

Conclusion

In a 2008 evaluation of historical and recent populations of vascular plant species on Norderney, Detlev Metzing, Kirsten Heine, Petra Eggers, and Heinrich Kuhbier documented 654 plant taxa (species and subspecies) recorded on the island since 1980, along with 130 taxa that had not been observed since that time. Of the 654 recent taxa, we recorded 386 during our survey. Of the 130 historically documented taxa, we encountered 14. Additionally, we identified 135 taxa not mentioned by Metzing et al.

Altogether, we recorded 535 distinct taxa on Norderney. Not bad at all, we think! We hope our report has provided a clear and engaging overview of the diverse habitats found on Norderney, as well as the plant species we documented during our survey.

List of the recorded plant species

PLEASE NOTE:
Only the first finding of species is displayed. So species that were recorded, let's say, both at Nordhelm on the 11th and in the Grohdepolder on the 13th of September ONLY are noted at Nordhelm. Species marked with * are likely to be naturalized or introduced.

Norderney village (Google map)

Acer platanoides *
Aethusa cynapium
Agrimonia eupatoria
Aira caryophyllea
Ajuga reptans 'Atropurpurea' *
Alchemilla mollis *
Alliaria petiolata
Allium schoenoprasum *
Alnus glutinosa
Amaranthus albus
Amaranthus blitoides
Amaranthus retroflexus
Anagallis arvensis
Antirrhinum majus *
Aphanes australis
Arctium minus
Arenaria serpyllifolia
Arrhenatherum elatius
Asplenium scolopendrium *
Asplenium trichomanes *
Aster ageratoides *
Atriplex littoralis
Blitum virgatum *
Buddleja davidii *
Callitriche spec.
Cardamine flexuosa
Cardamine hirsuta
Cardamine pratensis
Carduus crispus
Carex hirta
Carex pendula *
Centaurea cyanus *
Cerastium arvense
Cerastium fontanum
Cerastium glomeratum
Chenopodiastrum hybridum *
Cichorium intybus
Claytonia perfoliata
Cornus sanguinea *
Cotoneaster hjelmqvistii
Crataegus monogyna *
Cynodon dactylon
Cynosurus cristatus
Datura stramonium
Daucus carota
Digitalis purpurea *
Digitaria sanguinalis
Dipsacus fullonum
Dryopteris carthusiana
Elymus x obtusiusculus (E. athericus x E. farctus)
Epilobium ciliatum
Epilobium roseum
Eragrostis minor
Eragrostis multicaulis
Eryngium maritimum
Euonymus europaeus
Fallopia baldschuanica *
Ficus carica *
Gaillardia x grandiflora (G. aristata x G. pulchella) *
Glaux maritima
Gnaphalium uliginosum
Gymnocarpium dryopteris *
Hedera hibernica *
Helianthus tuberosus *
Helianthus x laetiflorus (H. pauciflorus x H. tuberosus)
Herniaria glabra
Holcus mollis
Humulus lupulus *
Hypericum perforatum *
Ilex aquifolium *
Impatiens glandulifera *
Iris pseudacorus
Isolepis setacea
Jasione montana
Juncus articulatus
Juncus effusus
Juncus ensifolius *
Juncus ranarius
Lamium album
Lapsana communis
Lathyrus latifolius *
Leonurus cardiaca
Leucanthemum vulgare
Linum catharticum
Lipandra polysperma
Lonicera periclymenum
Lonicera pileata *
Lonicera xylosteum *
Luzula campestris
Luzula spec. *
Lysimachia punctata *
Malva alcea *
Malva sylvestris (cultivar) *
Melilotus officinalis
Melissa officinalis *
Mirabilis jalapa *
Muehlenbeckia complexa *
Mycelis muralis
Myosotis arvensis
Myosotis sylvatica *
Oenothera x fallax (O. biennis x O. glazioviana)
Oxalis dillenii
Panicum capillare
Panicum miliaceum *
Papaver rhoeas
Papaver somniferum *
Parentucellia viscosa
Pastinaca sativa
Pastinaca sativa subsp. sativa
Persicaria amphibia
Phalaris arundinacea
Phragmites australis
Physalis peruviana *
Pinus nigra *
Polystichum aculeatum *
Polystichum setiferum *
Populus balsamifera
Portulaca oleracea
Prunella vulgaris
Prunus serotina
Pteridium aquilinum
Ranunculus acris
Ranunculus repens
Ranunculus sceleratus
Rhus typhina *
Robinia pseudoacacia *
Rorippa palustris
Rorippa sylvestris
Rosmarinus officinalis *
Rubus idaeus
Rumex crispus
Rumex maritimus
Sagina micropetala
Salix viminalis *
Salsola kali
Sambucus nigra
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
Scrophularia nodosa
Setaria pumila
Setaria verticillata
Sherardia arvensis
Silene dioica
Sinapis arvensis
Solanum nigrum subsp. schultesii
Sonchus arvensis var. maritimus
Sorbus intermedia *
Sorghum halepense *
Symphoricarpos albus *
Symphytum officinale
Syringa vulgaris *
Torilis japonica
Tradescantia virginiana *
Tragopogon pratensis
Trifolium pratense
Trifolium repens
Tripleurospermum maritimum
Tussilago farfara
Typha angustifolia
Ulmus minor
Vaccaria hispanica *
Verbascum densiflorum
Verbascum speciosum *
Veronica officinalis
Veronica serpyllifolia
Vinca minor *
Viola tricolor
Viola x wittrockiana (V. altaica x V. lutea subsp. sudetica x V. tricolor) *
Vulpia myuros

Harbour, Surfing peninsula and Bay (Google map)

Artemisia maritima
Atriplex portulacoides
Atriplex prostrata
Bromus hordeaceus
Carex extensa
Chamaenerion angustifolium
Corispermum pallasii
Galeopsis tetrahit
Honckenya peploides
Juncus bufonius
Juncus gerardii
Juncus maritimus
Lepidium draba
Limonium vulgare
Medicago lupulina
Oenothera glazioviana
Oxybasis glauca
Plantago maritima
Puccinellia maritima
Rumex conglomeratus
Salicornia europaea
Salicornia procumbens
Senecio viscosus
Spartina anglica
Spergularia media
Suaeda maritima
Triglochin maritima
Tripolium pannonicum

Siedlung Nordhelm (Google map)

Acer campestre
Acer pseudoplatanus
Achillea millefolium
Aegopodium podagraria
Agrostis capillaris
Agrostis stolonifera
Aira praecox
Alcea rosea *
Amaranthus hybridus *
Amaranthus hybridus subsp. hybridus
Anchusa arvensis
Anchusa officinalis
Anisantha sterilis
Anthriscus sylvestris
Aquilegia vulgaris *
Arabidopsis thaliana
Artemisia vulgaris
Arum italicum *
Asparagus officinalis *
Bellis perennis
Berberis aquifolium *
Calamagrostis arenaria
Calendula officinalis *
Campanula persicifolia *
Campanula poscharskyana *
Campanula rapunculoides *
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Carex arenaria
Cenchrus purpurascens *
Cerastium tomentosum *
Chelidonium majus
Chenopodiastrum murale
Chenopodium album
Cirsium arvense
Cirsium vulgare
Clematis vitalba
Clinopodium vulgare *
Convallaria majalis *
Convolvulus arvensis
Convolvulus sepium
Cotoneaster dielsianus
Cotoneaster franchetii *
Cotoneaster horizontalis *
Crepis capillaris
Cymbalaria muralis *
Dactylis glomerata
Digitaria ischaemum
Diplotaxis tenuifolia
Echinops exaltatus *
Elymus athericus
Elymus repens
Epilobium montanum
Epilobium tetragonum
Equisetum arvense
Erigeron annuus
Erigeron canadensis
Erigeron sumatrensis *
Erodium cicutarium
Erysimum cheiri *
Eupatorium cannabinum
Euphorbia helioscopia
Euphorbia peplus
Fallopia convolvulus
Fallopia japonica *
Festuca filiformis
Festuca rubra
Foeniculum vulgare *
Fragaria vesca *
Fraxinus excelsior
Galinsoga parviflora
Galinsoga quadriradiata
Galium mollugo
Geranium molle
Geranium pyrenaicum *
Geranium robertianum
Geranium sanguineum *
Geum urbanum
Glechoma hederacea
Hedera helix *
Hemerocallis fulva *
Hippophae rhamnoides
Holcus lanatus
Hordeum murinum
Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude' (H. spectabile x H. telephium) *
Hylotelephium telephium *
Hyoscyamus niger
Hypochaeris radicata
Iberis umbellata *
Jacobaea vulgaris
Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum *
Lamium amplexicaule
Lamium purpureum
Lavandula angustifolia *
Leontodon saxatilis
Lepidium didymum
Leptinella squalida *
Leymus arenarius
Ligustrum ovalifolium *
Lobularia maritima
Lolium perenne
Lotus corniculatus
Lunaria annua *
Lycium barbarum *
Malva neglecta
Medicago sativa *
Melilotus albus
Miscanthus sinensis *
Nassella tenuissima *
Nepeta racemosa *
Nicandra physalodes *
Origanum vulgare *
Oxalis corniculata
Papaver dubium
Parietaria judaica
Parthenocissus quinquefolia *
Phacelia tanacetifolia *
Pilosella aurantiaca *
Pilosella officinarum
Plantago coronopus
Plantago major
Poa annua
Poa pratensis
Polygonatum verticillatum *
Polygonum aviculare
Populus x canescens (P. alba x P. tremula)
Poterium sanguisorba *
Prunus avium *
Prunus domestica *
Prunus virginiana *
Quercus petraea *
Quercus robur *
Ribes sanguineum *
Ribes uva-crispa *
Rosa rugosa
Rosa spinosissima
Rosa subsect. Caninae
Rubus armeniacus *
Rubus caesius
Rubus x idaeoides (R. caesius x R. idaeus)
Rumex acetosella
Sagina apetala
Sagina procumbens
Salix repens
Saponaria officinalis
Schedonorus giganteus
Sedum acre
Sedum album *
Sedum pallidum *
Sedum sexangulare *
Senecio inaequidens
Senecio vulgaris
Setaria viridis
Silene coronaria *
Silene vulgaris *
Sisymbrium officinale
Sisymbrium volgense *
Solanum lycopersicum *
Solanum nigrum
Solidago canadensis *
Solidago gigantea
Sonchus asper
Sonchus oleraceus
Sorbus aucuparia
Spergularia rubra
Stellaria media
Symphyotrichum x versicolor (S. laeve x S. novi-belgii) *
Tanacetum parthenium *
Tanacetum vulgare *
Taraxacum officinale s.l. (incl. all sect.)
Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma
Taxus baccata *
Thalictrum minus
Tilia cordata *
Trifolium arvense
Trifolium campestre
Tropaeolum majus *
Urtica dioica
Urtica urens
Verbascum nigrum
Verbascum phlomoides *
Verbascum thapsus
Veronica arvensis
Veronica filiformis
Vicia cracca
Vinca major *
Viola odorata *
Viola riviniana *
Yucca gloriosa *

Siedlung Meierei (Google map)

Cornus sericea *
Crassula helmsii
Lythrum portula
Nymphaea alba *
Pseudosasa japonica *
Ranunculus subg. Batrachium
Salix purpurea
Sambucus ebulus
Silene latifolia

Südstrandpolder (Google map)

Berula erecta
Carex nigra
Cotula coronopifolia
Drosera rotundifolia
Dryopteris cristata
Gnaphalium luteoalbum
Hypericum tetrapterum
Juncus acutiflorus
Juncus squarrosus
Lemna minuta
Luzula multiflora
Nardus stricta
Osmunda regalis
Pulicaria dysenterica
Rosa virginiana *
Rumex hydrolapathum
Samolus valerandi
Silene flos-cuculi
Thelypteris palustris
Trifolium dubium
Veronica catenata

Weiße Düne (Google map)

Agrostis canina
Betula pendula
Calamagrostis canescens
Calluna vulgaris
Carex canescens
Carex oederi
Carex pseudocyperus
Centunculus minimus
Conium maculatum
Corynephorus canescens
Danthonia decumbens
Empetrum nigrum
Epilobium palustre
Epipactis palustris
Erica tetralix
Eriophorum angustifolium
Frangula alnus
Galium aparine
Jacobaea vulgaris subsp. dunensis
Juncus anceps
Juncus effusus var. subglomeratus
Juncus tenuis *
Lotus pedunculatus
Lycopodiella inundata
Lythrum salicaria
Malus x domestica
Malva moschata
Molinia caerulea
Myosotis laxa
Polypodium vulgare
Populus alba
Populus tremula
Potentilla erecta
Potentilla x suberecta (P. anglica x P. erecta)
Pyrola rotundifolia
Radiola linoides
Ranunculus flammula
Ribes rubrum
Rubus laciniatus
Salix aurita
Salix repens subsp. dunensis
Salix repens subsp. repens
Salix x reichardtii (S. caprea x S. cinerea s.s.)
Vaccinium macrocarpon
Vaccinium uliginosum
Veronica scutellata
Viola palustris

Grohdepolder (Google map)

Achillea ptarmica
Alnus incana
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Athyrium filix-femina
Calamagrostis epigejos
Callitriche brutia
Carex brizoides
Carex diandra
Carex disticha
Carex leporina
Carex otrubae
Carex riparia
Cirsium palustre
Dryopteris affinis
Dryopteris dilatata
Dryopteris filix-mas
Eleocharis palustris
Epilobium hirsutum
Epilobium parviflorum
Galium palustre
Galium verum
Geranium pusillum
Hydrocotyle vulgaris
Lathyrus pratensis
Lemna minor
Linaria vulgaris
Lycopus europaeus
Mentha aquatica
Moehringia trinervia
Myriophyllum spicatum
Odontites vernus
Persicaria hydropiper
Persicaria lapathifolia
Persicaria maculosa
Plantago lanceolata
Poa trivialis
Potentilla anglica
Rosa rubiginosa
Rumex acetosa
Rumex obtusifolius
Salix cinerea
Salix cinerea subsp. oleifolia
Salix pentandra
Schedonorus arundinaceus
Scutellaria galericulata
Solanum dulcamara
Solanum nitidibaccatum
Spergula arvensis
Spiraea x billardii (S. alba x S. douglasii)
Typha latifolia
Veronica persica
Viburnum opulus
Zannichellia palustris

Ostende (Google map)

Armeria maritima
Atriplex glabriuscula
Atriplex patula
Bolboschoenus maritimus
Cakile maritima
Carex distans
Carex flacca
Carex trinervis
Centaurium littorale
Centaurium pulchellum
Cerastium semidecandrum
Oxybasis rubra
Parapholis strigosa
Potentilla anserina
Ruppia maritima
Sagina maritima
Sagina nodosa
Spergularia marina
Stellaria graminea
Trifolium fragiferum
Viola canina