Laesø (Denmark)

Plant recordings in July 2011

by Rutger Barendse

Plants on a small Danish island


In july 2011 Rutger went with his family to the small island of Laesø, lying between Denmarks mainland and Sweden, in the Kattegat.

On this page you will find (click to jump):

Useful identification keys

  • A. Hansen and A. Pedersen: 'Chenopodiaceernes og Amaranthaceernes udbredekse i Danmark', Seatryk af botanisk tidsskrift 63: 205-288, 1968.
  • A. Hansen and A. Pedersen: 'Gramineernes udbredekse i Danmark', Botanisk tidsskrift 68: 177-357, published by Dansk Botanisk Forening, 1974.
  • K. Hansen: Dansk feltflora (Copenhagen 1981).
  • B. Mossberg and L. Stenberg: Den ny nordiska Floran (Stockholm 2010) (used the most).
  • A. Pedersen: 'Scrophulariaceernes og Orobancheernes udbredekse i Danmark', Seatryk af botanisk tidsskrift 59: 1-140, 1963.
  • E. Rostrup: Den Danske flora (Copenhagen 1973).

Report of this BotanicalJourney


Cirsium acaule9 July (day 1): Bramslev Bakker, mainland Denmark map 1

On our way to Laesø we stopped in Nordjylland to go to the nice camp site Bramslev Bakker. It lays at the edge of a wide fjord and the plants growing there are from a large range of habitats. Very nice were the plants of calcareous meadows like Cirsium acaule (photo), Centaurea scabiosa, Arabis hirsuta, Carum carvi and Astragalus glycyphyllos.


10 July (day 2): Laesø map 2 and map 3
Crepis tectorum

In the morning we went from Frederikshavn to Laesø by ferry. We did not have a reservation so we had to wait in a special queue. They luckily squeezed us in. We arrived at the dock at Vesterø havn and then had to drive almost the whole island from west to east to get to our hired cottage. The island is only 20 km wide, so it was not that far at all. It was worth driving anyway! We stayed in a traditional looking house with a seaweed roof and the comfort of a modern house. I started looking for plants on the roof itself and to my surprise there were a lot of nice plants like Crepis tectorum (photo), Cochlearia officinalis and Galium verum (map 2). We also made a short trip to the seaside. On the sandy beach I noted Crambe maritima, Atriplex laciniata, A. glabiuscula and washed up Zostera noltei (map 3).

In the evening I put out a special lamp to attract moths. Because of the warm night it was very successful. I spotted around 35 species !

 

11 July (day 3) map 4 and map 5
Lathyrus japonicus

This nice sunny day we went to the beach again at the outmost north-east of the island. The children played in the sand and I got the chance to look at some plants growing nearby (map 4). Senecio squalidus was not very well known from Laesø. Plants like Parapholis strigosa, Rumex longifolius and Lathyrus japonicus (photo) were more common.

Just behind the dunes there was a heather habitat with Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. ericetorum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Juncus balticus, Juncus anceps and Myrica gale. More inland I found some places with a more developed forest flora with plants like Melampyrum pratense, Blechnum spicant and Oxalis acetosella (map 5).


12 July (day 4) map 6 and map 7
Botrychium mutifidum

A great finding on this day that I was not expecting at all, was Botrychium mutifidum (photo). Just behind some small dunes near the sea in a small and somewhat wet heathery place (map 6) I found only one plant. The vegetation north of the 'Klitplantage' (Klit = Pine) was a bit boggy with loads of Sphagnum and nice plants like Platanthera bifolia, Lycopodium clavatum and Vaccinium oxycoccos. A real pool / fen surrounded by grazing Galloways contained species like Potamogeton polygonifolius, Lysimachia thyrsiflora, Comarum palustre, Peucedanum palustre, Hippuris vulgaris, Caltha palustris and Cicuta virosa. In a young willow-forest I found Pyrola media.

In the afternoon I checked out some places near our holiday-home. In the most eastern part of the island was a large bog (map 7), were on some places the sea entered from the south. It was grazed by sheep so some small paths could be followed. I found some nice species like Carex pulicaris, Carex virdula and Eleocharis quinqueflora and also a (in The Netherlands and Belgium very rare) grass; Deschampsia setacea. On some places Narthecium ossifragum was abundant. A small pool more southeast contained Eleocharis uniglumis, Utricularia australis and Sparganium natans. A Crane (Grus grus) was breeding nearby so I went back, hoping not to have disturbed this bird.


13 July (day 5) map 8, map 9 and map 10
Radiola linoides

This somewhat windy day we went to the west of the island (map 8). We started a more cultural tour around a small church out in the field south of Vesterø. Here I found Geranium sanguineum (maybe an escaped specimen) and in the fields lots of Centaurea cyanus. We went to the coast nearby. A large meadow just behind the dunes was filled with Radiola linoides (photo) and some other dwarfy plants like Centaurium pulchellum. In the dunes I found some plants who like a chalky soil, like Artemisia campestris.

It was a bit cold on this coast today so we went inland to look for a nice pond and some shelter of trees. We found one near the Airport of Laesø (map 9). Thanks to regular other visitors the edges of the pond were good for some typical pioneers like Pilularia globulifera, Rhynchospora fusca, Lycopodiella inundata, Eleocharis multicaulis and Littorella uniflora.

Lamium confertum In the afternoon I went to look for plants of more disturbed soils near our holiday-home (map 10). North of Osterby I found some fallow fields (more or less) and noted some nice plants. Especially Lamium confertum (photo) pleased me. I had been looking for it for years in the Netherlands and Belgium, but I never found it. Other interesting plants were Juncus capitatus, Isolepis setacea, Reseda luteola, Filago minima and the strange Tetragonia tetragonioides. The latter probably originated from kitchen-waste.

 

14 July (day 6) map 11 and map 12

We went to the village of Byrum to buy some groceries (and the famous game Kubb for the kids and ourselves of course). Near the church was a little market and while my wife and kids looked at local arts, I went for a small walk around the church (map 11). On the grassy walls around the churchyard I found Allium oleraceum and Allium scorodoprasum, Leonurus cardiaca (maybe an alien here) and Doronicum pardalianches.

Then it was time to do the famous walk to Ronneme (map 12). Ronneme is a small island south of Laesø that is only separated from Laesø by shallow water. Most people cross the water by sitting in a trailer behind a tractor. At the beginning of the park you can visit a nice museum. After a short walk with the family in the reserve, I carried on alone trying to discover some special plants. The rest of the family visited the museum.

Ononis arvensis It proved to be a long walk and a difficult search for specialties. The vegetation was rather short but special. I discovered Ruppia maritima (in small silty pools), Ononis arvensis (photo), Gentiana pneumonanthe, Blysmus rufus, Centunculus minimus, Odontites vernus subsp. litoralis, Carex extensa and Succisa pratensis. A mixture of salty plants and boggy plants. Small differences in soil, moist, drought, peat or mud provide many different habitats here, resulting potentially in many different plant species.

Pyrola minor


As always I went for a tour in the afternoon with my bike. I saw some nice plants in the woods near the golf club; Pyrola minor (photo) was the better species.





Vaccinium vitis-idaea15 July (day 7) map 13

This day started very wet, so we only made a small walk. We visited the coast north of the Klit-plantage and a dried out pond. This pond was filled with Littorella uniflora. On the edges Carex lasiocarpa was abundant and in the marginal pine-forest I found a mass of Vaccinium vitis-idaea (photo). On the coast I recorded some missing species like Oenanthe lachenalii, Juncus anceps and Rumex maritimus.

 

16 July (day 8) map 14

More or less satisfied by the findings so far it was time to relax this last full day of our stay on Laesø. Time to eat some ice cream and maybe, just a little bit.... searching for plants. On a parking-site near a shop I found Hypochaeris glabra in large numbers. So even during shopping I was a happy man.

In the evening the children fell asleep fast (in good care with their mother) so I drove on bike to the out most southeast of the island to report all species I could find there. Just to practice some more. But I even found some species I did not find before on the island; Atriplex calotheca, Galeopsis bifida and some more.
 

17 July: way back

If you know us by now, you know that we had to wait in the special queue for the ferry again. Indeed we did. But again there was no problem to get on board. This time we wanted to drive to the German border and maybe further, and so we did. The stream of cars in the opposite direction seemed endless. I think the Danish holiday had begun. The children and I did a game counting Caravans against Roof boxes. I think the Roof boxes won 20708 against 19876 caravans... I think.

Some other statistics (generated from www.observado.org from my own observations):

Bramslev Bakker:
192 plants

Laesø:
431 plants
48 birds
44 moths
14 shells
12 butterflies
6 dragonflies



List of the recorded plant species


Bramslev Bakker

Plants

1 Yarrow / Milfoil - Achillea millefolium
2 Sneezewort - Achillea ptarmica
3 Velvet Bent - Agrostis canina
4 Common Bent - Agrostis capillaris
5 Silver Hair-grass - Aira caryophyllea
6 Early Hair-grass - Aira praecox
7 Garden Lady's-mantle - Alchemilla mollis
8 Water-plantain - Alisma plantago-aquatica
9 Marsh Foxtail - Alopecurus geniculatus
10 Wood Anemone - Anemone nemorosa
11 Garden Angelica - Angelica archangelica
12 Wild Angelica - Angelica sylvestris
13 Sweet Vernal-grass - Anthoxanthum odoratum
14 Cow Parsley - Anthriscus sylvestris
15 Kidney Vetch - Anthyllis vulneraria
16 Thale Cress - Arabidopsis thaliana
17 Hairy Rock-cress - Arabis hirsuta
18 Thyme-leaved sandwort - Arenaria serpyllifolia
19 Thrift - Armeria maritima
20 Sea Aster - Aster tripolium
21 Wild Liquorice - Astragalus glycyphyllos
22 Shore Orache - Atriplex littoralis
23 Hastate Orache /Spear-leaved Orache - Atriplex prostrata
24 Common Daisy - Bellis perennis
25 Lesser Water-parsnip / Water Celery - Berula erecta
26 Silver Birch - Betula pendula
27 Nodding Bur-marigold - Bidens cernua
28 Trifid Bur-marigold - Bidens tripartita
29 Soft-brome - Bromus hordeaceus
30 Heather / Ling - Calluna vulgaris
31 Marsh-marigold - Caltha palustris
32 Harebell - Campanula rotundifolia
33 Cuckooflower - Cardamine pratensis
34 Slender Tufted-sedge - Carex acuta
35 Distant Sedge - Carex distans
36 Star Sedge - Carex echinata
37 Prickly Sedge - Carex muricata
38 Common Sedge - Carex nigra
39 Oval Sedge - Carex ovalis
40 Carnation Sedge - Carex panicea
41 Greater Tussock-sedge - Carex paniculata
42 Bottle Sedge - Carex rostrata
43 Caraway - Carum carvi
44 Greater Knapweed - Centaurea scabiosa
45 Field Mouse-ear - Cerastium arvense
46 Common Mouse-ear - Cerastium fontanum
47 Little Mouse-ear - Cerastium semidecandrum
48 Rosebay Willowherb - Chamerion angustifolium
49 Dwarf Thistle - Cirsium acaule
50 Marsh Thistle - Cirsium palustre
51 Spear Thistle - Cirsium vulgare
52 Common Scurvygrass - Cochlearia officinalis
53 Marsh Cinquefoil - Comarum palustre
54 Common Hazel - Corylus avellana
55 Crested Dog's-tail - Cynosurus cristatus
56 Broom - Cytisus scoparius
57 Cock's-foot - Dactylis glomerata
58 Heath-grass - Danthonia decumbens
59 Tufted Hair-grass - Deschampsia cespitosa
60 Wavy Hair-grass - Deschampsia flexuosa
61 Broad Buckler-fern - Dryopteris dilatata
62 Male-fern - Dryopteris filix-mas
63 Common Spike-rush - Eleocharis palustris
64 Sea Couch - Elytrigia atherica
65 Elytrigia juncea subsp. boreoatlantica
66 American Willowherb - Epilobium ciliatum
67 Broad-leaved Willowherb - Epilobium montanum
68 Marsh Willowherb - Epilobium palustre
69 Water Horsetail - Equisetum fluviatile
70 Marsh Horsetail - Equisetum palustre
71 Blue Fleabane - Erigeron acer
72 Common Cottongrass - Eriophorum angustifolium
73 Common Stork's-bill - Erodium cicutarium
74 Cypress Spurge - Euphorbia cyparissias
75 Rush-leaved Fescue - Festuca arenaria
76 Tall Fescue - Festuca arundinacea
77 Small Cudweed - Filago minima
78 Meadowsweet - Filipendula ulmaria
79 Wild Strawberry - Fragaria vesca
80 Ash - Fraxinus excelsior
81 Cleavers - Galium aparine
82 Marsh-bedstraw - Galium palustre
83 Heath Bedstraw - Galium saxatile
84 Lady's Bedstraw - Galium verum
85 Herb-Robert - Geranium robertianum
86 Wood Avens - Geum urbanum
87 Sea Milkwort - Glaux maritima
88 Flote-grass/Floating Sweet-grass - Glyceria fluitans
89 Smooth Hawkweed - Hieracium laevigatum
90 Common Hawkweed - Hieracium vulgatum
91 Marsh Pennywort - Hydrocotyle vulgaris
92 Cat's-ear - Hypochaeris radicata
93 Sheep's-bit - Jasione montana
94 Jointed Rush - Juncus articulatus
95 Toad Rush - Juncus bufonius
96 Bulbous Rush - Juncus bulbosus
97 Saltmarsh Rush - Juncus gerardii
98 Juniper - Juniperus communis
99 Field Scabious - Knautia arvensis
100 Meadow Vetchling - Lathyrus pratensis
101 Autumn Hawkbit - Leontodon autumnalis
102 Lyme-grass - Leymus arenarius
103 Wild Privet - Ligustrum vulgare
104 Perennial Rye-grass - Lolium perenne
105 Honeysuckle - Lonicera periclymenum
106 Fly Honeysuckle - Lonicera xylosteum
107 Birdsfoot Trefoil - Lotus corniculatus
108 Greater Birdsfoot-trefoil - Lotus pedunculatus
109 Field Woodrush - Luzula campestris
110 Heath Wood-rush - Luzula multiflora
111 Hairy Woodrush - Luzula pilosa
112 Gipsywort - Lycopus europaeus
113 May Lily - Maianthemum bifolium
114 Water Mint - Mentha aquatica
115 Wood Millet - Milium effusum
116 Three-nerved Sandwort - Moehringia trinervia
117 Wall Lettuce - Mycelis muralis
118 Water Forget-me-not - Myosotis scorpioides
119 Mat-grass - Nardus stricta
120 Spiny Restharrow - Ononis repens subsp. spinosa
121 Wood-sorrel - Oxalis acetosella
122 Long Pricklyhead Poppy - Papaver argemone
123 Amphibious Bistort - Persicaria amphibia
124 Water-pepper - Persicaria hydropiper
125 Timothy - Phleum pratense
126 Burnet-saxifrage - Pimpinella saxifraga
127 Sea Plantain - Plantago maritima
128 Hoary Plantain - Plantago media
129 Smooth Meadow-grass - Poa pratensis
130 Rough Meadow-grass - Poa trivialis
131 Cornfield Knotgrass - Polygonum rurivagum
132 Aspen - Populus tremula
133 Broad-leaved Pondweed - Potamogeton natans
134 Silverweed - Potentilla anserina
135 Hoary Cinquefoil - Potentilla argentea
136 Tormentil - Potentilla erecta
137 Selfheal - Prunella vulgaris
138 Gean / Wild Cherry - Prunus avium
139 Cherry Plum / Myrobalan - Prunus cerasifera
140 Rum Cherry / Black Cherry - Prunus serotina
141 Sloe / Blackthorn - Prunus spinosa
142 Bracken - Pteridium aquilinum
143 Common Saltmarsh-grass - Puccinellia maritima
144 Pedunculate Oak - Quercus robur
145 Meadow Buttercup - Ranunculus acris
146 Bulbous Buttercup - Ranunculus bulbosus
147 Lesser Spearwort - Ranunculus flammula
148 Cursed crowfoot - Ranunculus sceleratus
149 Greater Yellow-rattle - Rhinanthus angustifolius
150 Japanese Rose - Rosa rugosa
151 Raspberry - Rubus idaeus
152 Common Sorrel - Rumex acetosa
153 Sheep's Sorrel - Rumex acetosella
154 Curled Dock - Rumex crispus
155 Rumex thyrsiflorus
156 Goat Willow - Salix caprea
157 Salix cinerea
158 Grey Club-rush - Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
159 Annual Knawel - Scleranthus annuus
160 Skullcap - Scutellaria galericulata
161 Biting Stonecrop - Sedum acre
162 Wood Groundsel/Heather Groundsel - Senecio sylvaticus
163 Bladder Campion - Silene vulgaris
164 Hedge Mustard - Sisymbrium officinale
165 Prickly Sow-thistle - Sonchus asper
166 Rowan/ Moutain Ash - Sorbus aucuparia
167 Swedish white beam - Sorbus intermedia
168 Branched Bur-Reed - Sparganium erectum
169 Marsh Woundwort - Stachys palustris
170 Lesser Stitchwort - Stellaria graminea
171 Shepherd's Cress - Teesdalia nudicaulis
172 Large Thyme - Thymus pulegioides
173 Upright Hedge-parsley - Torilis japonica
174 Tragopogon pratensis subsp. pratensis
175 Chickweed Wintergreen - Trientalis europaea
176 Strawberry Clover - Trifolium fragiferum
177 Zigzag Clover - Trifolium medium
178 White Clover - Trifolium repens
179 Sea Arrowgrass - Triglochin maritima
180 Marsh Arrowgrass - Triglochin palustris
181 Bulrush - Typha latifolia
182 Common Nettle - Urtica dioica
183 Bilberry - Vaccinium myrtillus
184 Wall Speedwell - Veronica arvensis
185 Germander Speedwell - Veronica chamaedrys
186 Heath Speedwell - Veronica officinalis
187 Marsh Speedwell - Veronica scutellata
188 Thyme-leaved Speedwell - Veronica serpyllifolia
189 Guelder Rose - Viburnum opulus
190 Tufted Vetch - Vicia cracca
191 Viola reichenbachiana + Viola riviniana
192 Common Duckweed - Lemna minor


Laesø

Plants

1 Field Maple - Acer campestre
2 Sycamore - Acer pseudoplatanus
3 Yarrow / Milfoil - Achillea millefolium
4 Sneezewort - Achillea ptarmica
5 Ground-elder - Aegopodium podagraria
6 Horse-chestnut - Aesculus hippocastanum
7 Velvet Bent - Agrostis canina
8 Common Bent - Agrostis capillaris
9 Black Bent - Agrostis gigantea
10 Creeping Bent / Fiorin - Agrostis stolonifera
11 Early Hair-grass - Aira praecox
12 Hollyhock - Alcea rosea
13 Field Garlic - Allium oleraceum
14 Sand Leek - Allium scorodoprasum
15 Wild Onion - Allium vineale
16 Black Alder - Alnus glutinosa
17 Marsh Foxtail - Alopecurus geniculatus
18 Marram - Ammophila arenaria
19 Scarlet Pimpernel - Anagallis arvensis subsp. arvensis
20 Bugloss - Anchusa arvensis
21 Wood Anemone - Anemone nemorosa
22 Garden Angelica - Angelica archangelica
23 Angelica archangelica subsp. litoralis
24 Wild Angelica - Angelica sylvestris
25 Sweet Vernal-grass - Anthoxanthum odoratum
26 Cow Parsley - Anthriscus sylvestris
27 Kidney Vetch - Anthyllis vulneraria
28 Loose Silky-bent - Apera spica-venti
29 Thale Cress - Arabidopsis thaliana
30 Common Burdock - Arctium minus
31 Thyme-leaved sandwort - Arenaria serpyllifolia
32 Thrift - Armeria maritima
33 Horse-radish - Armoracia rusticana
34 False Oat-grass - Arrhenatherum elatius
35 Field Wormwood - Artemisia campestris
36 Sea Wood - Artemisia maritima
37 Mugwort - Artemisia vulgaris
38 Sea Aster - Aster tripolium
39 Lady-fern - Athyrium filix-femina
40 Atriplex calotheca
41 Babington's Orache - Atriplex glabriuscula
42 Frosted Orache - Atriplex laciniata
43 Shore Orache - Atriplex littoralis
44 Stalked Orache - Atriplex pedunculata
45 Hastate Orache /Spear-leaved Orache - Atriplex prostrata
46 Wild Oat - Avena fatua
47 Common Daisy - Bellis perennis
48 Oregon Grape - Berberis aquifolium
49 Lesser Water-parsnip / Water Celery - Berula erecta
50 Sea Beet - Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima
51 Silver Birch - Betula pendula
52 Trifid Bur-marigold - Bidens tripartita
53 Hard Fern - Blechnum spicant
54 Saltmarsh Flat-sedge - Blysmus rufus
55 Sea Club-rush - Bolboschoenus maritimus
56 Botrychium multifidum
57 Turnip - Brassica rapa
58 Brassica spec.
59 Quaking Grass - Briza media
60 Soft-brome - Bromus hordeaceus
61 Sea Rocket - Cakile maritima
62 Purple Small-reed - Calamagrostis canescens
63 Wood Small-reed - Calamagrostis epigejos
64 Callitriche spec.
65 Heather / Ling - Calluna vulgaris
66 Marsh-marigold - Caltha palustris
67 Hedge Bindweed - Calystegia sepium
68 Creeping Bellflower - Campanula rapunculoides
69 Harebell - Campanula rotundifolia
70 Shepherd's-purse - Capsella bursa-pastoris
71 Cuckooflower - Cardamine pratensis
72 Sand Sedge - Carex arenaria
73 White Sedge - Carex curta
74 Distant Sedge - Carex distans
75 Brown Sedge - Carex disticha
76 Star Sedge - Carex echinata
77 Long-bracted Sedge - Carex extensa
78 Glaucous Sedge - Carex flacca
79 Slender Sedge - Carex lasiocarpa
80 Common Sedge - Carex nigra
81 False Fox-sedge - Carex otrubae
82 Oval Sedge - Carex ovalis
83 Carnation Sedge - Carex panicea
84 Pill Sedge - Carex pilulifera
85 Flea Sedge - Carex pulicaris
86 Bottle Sedge - Carex rostrata
87 Spiked Sedge - Carex spicata
88 Carex viridula
89 Cornflower - Centaurea cyanus
90 Brown Knapweed - Centaurea jacea s.l.
91 Seaside Centaury - Centaurium littorale
92 Lesser Centaury - Centaurium pulchellum
93 Chaffweed - Centunculus minimus
94 Common Mouse-ear - Cerastium fontanum
95 Rough Chervil - Chaerophyllum temulum
96 Rosebay Willowherb - Chamerion angustifolium
97 Greater Celandine - Chelidonium majus
98 Lamb's Quarters - Chenopodium album
99 Cowbane - Cicuta virosa
100 Creeping Thistle - Cirsium arvense
101 Marsh Thistle - Cirsium palustre
102 Spear Thistle - Cirsium vulgare
103 Early Scurvygrass - Cochlearia danica
104 Common Scurvygrass - Cochlearia officinalis
105 Marsh Cinquefoil - Comarum palustre
106 Lily-of-the-valley - Convallaria majalis
107 Field Bindweed - Convolvulus arvensis
108 Canadian Fleabane - Conyza canadensis
109 Common Hazel - Corylus avellana
110 Seakale - Crambe maritima
111 Smooth Hawk's-beard - Crepis capillaris
112 Narrow-leaved Hawk's-beard - Crepis tectorum
113 Broom - Cytisus scoparius
114 Cock's-foot - Dactylis glomerata
115 Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. ericetorum
116 Spotted Orchid - Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. maculata
117 Heath-grass - Danthonia decumbens
118 Tufted Hair-grass - Deschampsia cespitosa
119 Wavy Hair-grass - Deschampsia flexuosa
120 Bog Hair-grass - Deschampsia setacea
121 Flixweed - Descurainia sophia
122 Foxglove - Digitalis purpurea
123 Leopard's-bane - Doronicum pardalianches
124 Oblong-leaved Sundew - Drosera intermedia
125 Round-leaved Sundew - Drosera rotundifolia
126 Broad Buckler-fern - Dryopteris dilatata
127 Male-fern - Dryopteris filix-mas
128 Cockspur - Echinochloa crus-galli
129 Many-stalked Spike-rush - Eleocharis multicaulis
130 Common Spike-rush - Eleocharis palustris
131 Few-flowered Spike-rush - Eleocharis quinqueflora
132 Slender Spike-rush - Eleocharis uniglumis
133 Elytrigia juncea subsp. boreoatlantica
134 Couch-grass - Elytrigia repens
135 Crowberry - Empetrum nigrum
136 Great Hairy Willowherb - Epilobium hirsutum
137 Broad-leaved Willowherb - Epilobium montanum
138 Marsh Willowherb - Epilobium palustre
139 Square-stemmed Willowherb - Epilobium tetragonum
140 Field Horsetail - Equisetum arvense
141 Water Horsetail - Equisetum fluviatile
142 Shore Horsetail - Equisetum x litorale (E. arvense x fluviatile)
143 Cross-leaved Heath - Erica tetralix
144 Blue Fleabane - Erigeron acer
145 Common Cottongrass - Eriophorum angustifolium
146 Erodium cicutarium subsp. cicutarium
147 Spindle - Euonymus europaeus
148 Petty Spurge - Euphorbia peplus
149 Rigid Eyebright - Euphrasia stricta s.l.
150 Euphrasia stricta s.s.
151 Black Bindweed - Fallopia convolvulus
152 Japanese Knotweed - Fallopia japonica
153 Giant Knotweed - Fallopia sachalinensis
154 Tall Fescue - Festuca arundinacea
155 Hard Fescue - Festuca brevipila
156 Fine-leaved Sheep's-fescue - Festuca filiformis
157 Red Fescue - Festuca rubra
158 Small Cudweed - Filago minima
159 Common Fumitory - Fumaria officinalis
160 Lesser Hemp-nettle - Galeopsis bifida
161 Gallant Soldier - Galinsoga parviflora
162 Cleavers - Galium aparine
163 Marsh-bedstraw - Galium palustre
164 Lady's Bedstraw - Galium verum
165 Marsh Gentian - Gentiana pneumonanthe
166 Dove's-foot Crane's-bill - Geranium molle
167 Small-flowered Crane's-bill - Geranium pusillum
168 Bloody Crane's-bill - Geranium sanguineum
169 Wood Avens - Geum urbanum
170 Sea Milkwort - Glaux maritima
171 Corn Marigold - Glebionis segetum
172 Ground Ivy - Glechoma hederacea
173 Small Sweet-grass - Glyceria declinata
174 Flote-grass/Floating Sweet-grass - Glyceria fluitans
175 Heath Cudweed - Gnaphalium sylvaticum
176 Marsh Cudweed - Gnaphalium uliginosum
177 Ivy - Hedera helix
178 Sunflower - Helianthus annuus
179 Smooth Hawkweed - Hieracium laevigatum
180 Hieracium pilosella
181 Hieracium sabaudum
182 Hawkweed - Hieracium umbellatum
183 Common Hawkweed - Hieracium vulgatum
184 Mare's-tail - Hippuris vulgaris
185 Creeping Soft-grass - Holcus mollis
186 Sea Sandwort - Honckenya peploides
187 Marsh Pennywort - Hydrocotyle vulgaris
188 Perforate St John's-wort - Hypericum perforatum
189 Smooth Cat's-ear - Hypochaeris glabra
190 Cat's-ear - Hypochaeris radicata
191 Holly - Ilex aquifolium
192 Yellow Flag / Yellow Iris - Iris pseudacorus
193 Bristle Club-rush - Isolepis setacea
194 Common Ragwort - Jacobaea vulgaris
195 Sheep's-bit - Jasione montana
196 Alpine Rush - Juncus alpinoarticulatus
197 Juncus anceps
198 Jointed Rush - Juncus articulatus
199 Baltic Rush - Juncus balticus
200 Toad Rush - Juncus bufonius
201 Dwarf Rush - Juncus capitatus
202 Compact Rush - Juncus conglomeratus
203 Soft Rush - Juncus effusus
204 Thread Rush - Juncus filiformis
205 Saltmarsh Rush - Juncus gerardii
206 Heath Rush - Juncus squarrosus
207 Slender Rush - Juncus tenuis
208 Juniper - Juniperus communis
209 Henbit Dead-nettle - Lamium amplexicaule
210 Northern Dead-nettle - Lamium confertum
211 Red Dead-nettle - Lamium purpureum
212 Nipplewort - Lapsana communis
213 Sea Pea - Lathyrus japonicus
214 Meadow Vetchling - Lathyrus pratensis
215 Autumn Hawkbit - Leontodon autumnalis
216 Motherwort - Leonurus cardiaca
217 Narrow-leaved Pepperwort - Lepidium ruderale
218 Ox-eye Daisy - Leucanthemum vulgare
219 Lyme-grass - Leymus arenarius
220 Common Sea-lavender - Limonium vulgare
221 Common Toadflax - Linaria vulgaris
222 Shoreweed - Littorella uniflora
223 Perennial Rye-grass - Lolium perenne
224 Birdsfoot Trefoil - Lotus corniculatus
225 Narrow-leaved Birdsfoot-trefoi - Lotus glaber
226 Honesty - Lunaria annua
227 Heath Wood-rush - Luzula multiflora
228 Ragged Robin - Lychnis flos-cuculi
229 Marsh Clubmoss - Lycopodiella inundata
230 Stag's-horn Clubmoss - Lycopodium clavatum
231 Gipsywort - Lycopus europaeus
232 Tufted Loosestrife - Lysimachia thyrsiflora
233 Yellow Loosestrife - Lysimachia vulgaris
234 Purple Loosestrife - Lythrum salicaria
235 Crab Apple - Malus sylvestris
236 Musk Mallow - Malva moschata
237 Dwarf Mallow - Malva neglecta
238 Common Mallow - Malva sylvestris
239 Wild Camomile - Matricaria chamomilla
240 Pineapple Weed - Matricaria discoidea
241 Matricaria maritima subsp. maritima
242 Black Medick - Medicago lupulina
243 Common Cow-wheat - Melampyrum pratense
244 White Melilot - Melilotus albus
245 Ribbed Melilot - Melilotus officinalis
246 Corn Mint - Mentha arvensis
247 Bogbean - Menyanthes trifoliata
248 Three-nerved Sandwort - Moehringia trinervia
249 Purple Moor-grass - Molinia caerulea
250 Wall Lettuce - Mycelis muralis
251 Field Forget-me-not - Myosotis arvensis
252 Tufted Forget-me-not - Myosotis laxa
253 Myosotis laxa subsp. cespitosa
254 Early Forget-me-not - Myosotis ramosissima
255 Bog-myrtle / Sweet Gale - Myrica gale
256 Spiked Water-milfoil - Myriophyllum spicatum
257 Mat-grass - Nardus stricta
258 Bog Asphodel - Narthecium ossifragum
259 White Water-lily - Nymphaea alba
260 Red Bartsia - Odontites vernus
261 Odontites vernus subsp. litoralis
262 Parsley Water-dropwort - Oenanthe lachenalii
263 Common Evening Primrose - Oenothera biennis
264 Small-flowered Early Primrose - Oenothera glazioviana
265 Ononis arvensis
266 Wood-sorrel - Oxalis acetosella
267 Procumbent Yellow-sorrel - Oxalis corniculata
268 Upright Yellow-sorrel - Oxalis stricta
269 Long-headed Poppy - Papaver dubium
270 Opium poppy - Papaver somniferum
271 Hard-grass - Parapholis strigosa
272 Lousewort - Pedicularis sylvatica
273 Amphibious Bistort - Persicaria amphibia
274 Red Shank - Persicaria maculosa
275 Milk Parsley - Peucedanum palustre
276 Reed-grass/Reed-Canary Grass - Phalaris arundinacea
277 Phleum pratense subsp. pratense
278 Phleum pratense subsp. serotinum
279 Common Reed - Phragmites australis
280 Pillwort - Pilularia globulifera
281 Burnet-saxifrage - Pimpinella saxifraga
282 Scots Pine - Pinus sylvestris
283 Ribwort Plantain - Plantago lanceolata
284 Greater Plantain - Plantago major subsp. major
285 Sea Plantain - Plantago maritima
286 Lesser Butterfly-orchid - Platanthera bifolia
287 Annual Meadow-grass - Poa annua
288 Wood Meadow-grass - Poa nemoralis
289 Smooth Meadow-grass - Poa pratensis
290 Knotgrass - Polygonum aviculare
291 Polypodium interjectum + Polypodium vulgare
292 White Poplar - Populus alba
293 Aspen - Populus tremula
294 Potamogeton berchtoldii + Potamogeton pusillus
295 Broad-leaved Pondweed - Potamogeton natans
296 Bog Pondweed - Potamogeton polygonifolius
297 Silverweed - Potentilla anserina
298 Hoary Cinquefoil - Potentilla argentea
299 Tormentil - Potentilla erecta
300 Sulphur Cinquefoil - Potentilla recta
301 Selfheal - Prunella vulgaris
302 Cherry Plum / Myrobalan - Prunus cerasifera
303 Dwarf Cherry / Sour Cherry - Prunus cerasus
304 Rum Cherry / Black Cherry - Prunus serotina
305 Sloe / Blackthorn - Prunus spinosa
306 Common Saltmarsh-grass - Puccinellia maritima
307 Intermediate Wintergreen - Pyrola media
308 Common Wintergreen - Pyrola minor
309 Allseed - Radiola linoides
310 Meadow Buttercup - Ranunculus acris
311 Lesser Spearwort - Ranunculus flammula
312 Creeping Buttercup - Ranunculus repens
313 Cursed crowfoot - Ranunculus sceleratus
314 Wild Radish - Raphanus raphanistrum
315 Weld - Reseda luteola
316 Rhamnus frangula
317 Greater Yellow-rattle - Rhinanthus angustifolius
318 Yellow-rattle - Rhinanthus minor
319 White Beak-sedge - Rhynchospora alba
320 Brown Beak-sedge - Rhynchospora fusca
321 Black Currant - Ribes nigrum
322 Red Currant - Ribes rubrum
323 Flowering Currant - Ribes sanguineum
324 Dog-rose - Rosa canina
325 Japanese Rose - Rosa rugosa
326 Rubus corylifolius
327 Cut-leaved Bramble - Rubus laciniatus
328 Common Sorrel - Rumex acetosa
329 Sheep's Sorrel - Rumex acetosella
330 Curled Dock - Rumex crispus
331 Water Dock - Rumex hydrolapathum
332 Northern Dock - Rumex longifolius
333 Golden Dock - Rumex maritimus
334 Rumex thyrsiflorus
335 Beaked Tasselweed - Ruppia maritima
336 Sea Pearlwort - Sagina maritima
337 Procumbent Pearlwort - Sagina procumbens
338 Glasswort - Salicornia europaea
339 Eared Willow - Salix aurita
340 Goat Willow - Salix caprea
341 Salix cinerea
342 Bay Willow - Salix pentandra
343 Creeping Willow - Salix repens
344 Common Osier - Salix viminalis
345 Saltwort - Salsola kali
346 Elder - Sambucus nigra
347 Soapwort - Saponaria officinalis
348 Grey Club-rush - Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
349 Scirpus lacustris
350 Annual Knawel - Scleranthus annuus
351 Annual Knawel - Scleranthus annuus subsp. annuus
352 Perennial Knawel - Scleranthus perennis
353 Skullcap - Scutellaria galericulata
354 Biting Stonecrop - Sedum acre
355 Orpine - Sedum telephium
356 Oxford Ragwort - Senecio squalidus
357 Wood Groundsel/Heather Groundsel - Senecio sylvaticus
358 Sticky Groundsel - Senecio viscosus
359 Groundsel - Senecio vulgaris
360 Green Bristol-grass - Setaria viridis
361 Hedge Mustard - Sisymbrium officinale
362 Bittersweet / Woody Nightshade - Solanum dulcamara
363 Black Nightshade - Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum
364 Sonchus arvensis var. maritimus
365 Prickly Sow-thistle - Sonchus asper
366 Smooth Sow-thistle - Sonchus oleraceus
367 Marsh Sow-thistle - Sonchus palustris
368 Rowan/ Moutain Ash - Sorbus aucuparia
369 Unbranched Bur-reed - Sparganium emersum
370 Least Bur-reed - Sparganium natans
371 Corn Spurrey - Spergula arvensis
372 Greater Sea-spurrey - Spergularia media
373 Sand Spurrey - Spergularia rubra
374 Lesser Sea-spurrey - Spergularia salina
375 Lesser Stitchwort - Stellaria graminea
376 Common Chickweed - Stellaria media
377 Annual-seablite - Suaeda maritima
378 Devil's-bit Scabious - Succisa pratensis
379 Snowberry - Symphoricarpos albus
380 Lilac - Syringa vulgaris
381 Feverfew - Tanacetum parthenium
382 Tansy - Tanacetum vulgare
383 Common Dandelion - Taraxacum officinale s.l.
384 Shepherd's Cress - Teesdalia nudicaulis
385 New Zealand Spinach - Tetragonia tetragonioides
386 Common Meadow-rue - Thalictrum flavum
387 Field Pennycress - Thlaspi arvense
388 Upright Hedge-parsley - Torilis japonica
389 Tragopogon pratensis subsp. minor
390 Tragopogon pratensis subsp. pratensis
391 Deergrass - Trichophorum cespitosum
392 Chickweed Wintergreen - Trientalis europaea
393 Hare's-foot Clover - Trifolium arvense
394 Hop Trefoil - Trifolium campestre
395 Strawberry Clover - Trifolium fragiferum
396 Alsike Clover - Trifolium hybridum
397 Zigzag Clover - Trifolium medium
398 Red Clover - Trifolium pratense
399 Sea Arrowgrass - Triglochin maritima
400 Marsh Arrowgrass - Triglochin palustris
401 Scentless Mayweed - Tripleurospermum maritimum
402 Coltsfoot - Tussilago farfara
403 Bulrush - Typha latifolia
404 Common Nettle - Urtica dioica
405 Annual Nettle - Urtica urens
406 Bladderwort - Utricularia australis
407 Small Cranberry - Vaccinium oxycoccos
408 Bog Bilberry - Vaccinium uliginosum
409 Cowberry - Vaccinium vitis-idaea
410 Common Valerian - Valeriana officinalis
411 Denseflowered Mullein - Verbascum densiflorum
412 Dark Mullein - Verbascum nigrum
413 Great Mullein - Verbascum thapsus
414 Wall Speedwell - Veronica arvensis
415 Germander Speedwell - Veronica chamaedrys
416 Heath Speedwell - Veronica officinalis
417 Marsh Speedwell - Veronica scutellata
418 Thyme-leaved Speedwell - Veronica serpyllifolia
419 Guelder Rose - Viburnum opulus
420 Tufted Vetch - Vicia cracca
421 Hairy Tare - Vicia hirsuta
422 Common Vetch - Vicia sativa
423 Field Pansy - Viola arvensis
424 Heath Dog-violet - Viola canina
425 Marsh Violet - Viola palustris
426 Wild Pansy - Viola tricolor
427 Viola x contempta (V. arvensis x tricolor)
428 Garden Pansy - Viola x wittrockiana
429 Eelgrass - Zostera marina
430 Dwarf Eelgrass - Zostera noltei
431 Common Duckweed - Lemna minor


Birds

1 Common Eider - Somateria mollissima
2 Red-breasted Merganser - Mergus serrator
3 Great Cormorant - Phalacrocorax carbo
4 Western Marsh Harrier - Circus aeruginosus
5 Eurasian Hobby - Falco subbuteo
6 Water Rail - Rallus aquaticus
7 Common Moorhen - Gallinula chloropus
8 Common Crane - Grus grus
9 Northern Lapwing - Vanellus vanellus
10 Common Ringed Plover - Charadrius hiaticula
11 Eurasian Woodcock - Scolopax rusticola
12 Common Snipe - Gallinago gallinago
13 Eurasian Curlew - Numenius arquata
14 Common Redshank - Tringa totanus
15 Common Sandpiper - Actitis hypoleucos
16 Dunlin - Calidris alpina
17 Black-headed Gull - Chroicocephalus ridibundus
18 Great Black-backed Gull - Larus marinus
19 European Herring Gull - Larus argentatus
20 Lesser Black-backed Gull - Larus fuscus
21 Little Tern - Sternula albifrons
22 Common Tern - Sterna hirundo
23 Arctic Tern - Sterna paradisaea
24 Sandwich Tern - Thalasseus sandvicensis
25 Common Wood Pigeon - Columba palumbus
26 Eurasian Collared Dove - Streptopelia decaocto
27 Common Swift - Apus apus
28 Hooded Crow - Corvus cornix
29 Western Jackdaw - Coloeus monedula
30 Blue Tit - Cyanistes caeruleus
31 Eurasian Skylark - Alauda arvensis
32 Barn Swallow - Hirundo rustica
33 Common House Martin - Delichon urbicum
34 Common Chiffchaff - Phylloscopus collybita
35 Willow Warbler - Phylloscopus trochilus
36 Icterine Warbler - Hippolais icterina
37 Common Whitethroat - Sylvia communis
38 Winter Wren - Troglodytes troglodytes
39 Common Blackbird - Turdus merula
40 House Sparrow - Passer domesticus
41 Eurasian Tree Sparrow - Passer montanus
42 Meadow Pipit - Anthus pratensis
43 Common Chaffinch - Fringilla coelebs
44 European Greenfinch - Carduelis chloris
45 Eurasian Siskin - Carduelis spinus
46 Lesser Redpoll - Carduelis cabaret
47 Common Linnet - Carduelis cannabina
48 Common Crossbill - Loxia curvirostra
49 Yellowhammer - Emberiza citrinella
50 Common Reed Bunting - Emberiza schoeniclus

Moths

1 Pharmacis fusconebulosa
2 Aethes smeathmanniana
3 Cochylis dubitana
4 Notocelia uddmanniana
5 Dark Fruit-tree Tortrix - Pandemis heparana
6 Paramesia gnomana
7 Anthophila fabriciana
8 Catoptria falsella
9 Drinker - Euthrix potatoria
10 Ground Lackey - Malacosoma castrense
11 Small Elephant Hawk-moth - Deilephila porcellus
12 Poplar Hawk-moth - Laothoe populi
13 Pine Hawk-moth - Sphinx pinastri
14 Oak Lutestring - Cymatophorina diluta
15 Dusky Hook-tip - Drepana curvatula
16 Pebble Hook-tip - Drepana falcataria
17 Clouded Magpie - Abraxas sylvata
18 Arichanna melanaria
19 Peppered Moth - Biston betularia
20 Light Emerald - Campaea margaritata
21 Barred Yellow - Cidaria fulvata
22 Brussels Lace - Cleorodes lichenaria
23 Narrow-winged Pug - Eupithecia nanata
24 Large Emerald - Geometra papilionaria
25 Common Emerald - Hemithea aestivaria
26 Riband Wave - Idaea aversata
27 Clouded Border - Lomaspilis marginata
28 Tawny-barred Angle - Macaria liturata
29 Swallow-tailed Moth - Ourapteryx sambucaria
30 Green Pug - Pasiphila rectangulata
31 Small Rivulet - Perizoma alchemillata
32 Cream Wave - Scopula floslactata
33 Buff-tip - Phalera bucephala
34 Coxcomb Prominent - Ptilodon capucina
35 Miller - Acronicta leporina
36 Acronicta tridens / psi
37 Antler Moth - Cerapteryx graminis
38 Bird's Wing - Dypterygia scabriuscula
39 Beautiful Hook-tip - Laspeyria flexula
40 Straw Dot - Rivula sericealis
41 Triple-spotted Clay - Xestia ditrapezium
42 Scarce Silver-lines - Bena bicolorana
43 Muslin Moth - Diaphora mendica
44 Round-winged Muslin - Thumatha senex

Shells

1 Acanthocardia aculeata
2 Common Cockle - Cerastoderma edule
3 Baltic Tellin - Macoma balthica
4 Horse mussel - Modiolus modiolus
5 Sand Gaper - Mya arenaria
6 Petricola pholadiformis
7 Venerupis corrugata
8 Aporrhais pespelecani
9 Slipper limpet - Crepidula fornicata
10 Epitonium clathrus
11 Periwinkle - Littorina littorea
12 Nassarius reticulatus
13 Neptunea antiqua
14 Auger shell - Turritella communis

Butterflies

1 Essex Skipper - Thymelicus lineola
2 Green-veined White - Pieris napi
3 Brimstone - Gonepteryx rhamni
4 Small Copper - Lycaena phlaeas
5 Scarce Copper - Lycaena virgaureae
6 Silver-studded Blue - Plebejus argus
7 Niobe Fritillary - Argynnis niobe
8 Peacock - Aglais io
9 Small Tortoiseshell - Aglais urticae
10 Map Butterfly - Araschnia levana
11 Ringlet - Aphantopus hyperantus
12 Meadow Brown - Maniola jurtina


Dragonflies

1 Western Willow Spreadwing - Lestes viridis
2 Azure Bluet - Coenagrion puella
3 Common Bluetail - Ischnura elegans
4 Black-tailed Skimmer - Orthetrum cancellatum
5 Black Darter - Sympetrum danae
6 Ruddy Darter - Sympetrum sanguineum